A Comparative Analysis of Quranic and Scientific Perspectives on Cosmic Evolution

Muhammad Askari
MPhil Scholar
Department of Islamic Studies, NUML Islamabad
Dr. Muhammad Saeed Tayyab,
Assistant Prof. Department of Islamic Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad
Email: muhammadaskeri97@gmail.com

Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of the Quranic and scientific perspectives on cosmic evolution, exploring the origins, expansion, formation of galaxies and stars, and the eventual reunion of the universe. The research aims to examine areas of convergence and divergence between theological and empirical approaches to understanding the cosmos. Utilizing classical and contemporary Tafsir sources, including Tafseer Al-Kauthar, Bayan ul Quran, and Tafsir al-Kabir, alongside modern cosmological theories such as the Big Bang, nebular hypothesis, and models of the universe’s ultimate fate (Big Crunch, Big Rip, and Heat Death), this study highlights the complementary nature of both perspectives. The Quran depicts the universe as a purposeful creation initiated by Allah’s command (Kun fa-yakūn), emphasizing divine wisdom, order, and intentionality. Scientific theories, by contrast, describe the physical mechanisms governing cosmic evolution through observation and experimentation. Findings indicate significant harmony, such as the Quran’s depiction of the universe’s initial unity (ratq), its subsequent expansion (lamuwassi‘un), and the structured formation of celestial bodies, paralleling contemporary cosmology. Divergences primarily involve explanatory mechanisms, temporal frameworks, and the emphasis on purpose. The study concludes that integrating Quranic insights with scientific knowledge fosters a holistic understanding of cosmic evolution, bridging faith and reason, and promoting both intellectual inquiry and spiritual reflection.
Keywords: Quran, cosmic evolution, Big Bang, expansion of the universe, Tafsir, astronomy, cosmology, divine creation, scientific perspective
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